I. d after a vowel or b, g, j, l, m, n, ŋ, r, th, v, z, or zh; əd, id after d or t; t after other sounds; exceptions are pronounced at their entries verb suffix or adjective suffix
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English -ed, -od, -ad; akin to Old High German -t, past participle ending, Latin -tus, Greek -tos, suffix forming verbals
1. — used to form the past participle of regular weak verbs
end ed
fad ed
tri ed
patt ed
2. — used to form adjectives of identical meaning from Latin-derived adjectives ending in -ate
crenulat ed
3.
a. : having : characterized by
cultur ed
two-legg ed
b. : having the characteristics of
bigot ed
II. verb suffix
Etymology: Middle English -ede, -de, from Old English -de, -ede, -ode, -ade; akin to Old High German -ta, past ending (1st singular) and probably to Old High German -t, past participle ending
— used to form the past tense of regular weak verbs
judg ed
deni ed
dropp ed