Study of the influence of an organism's genetic composition on its behaviour and of the interaction of heredity and environment ("nature" and "nurture") in determining behaviour.
The first scientist to explore the area was Francis Galton , who sought to show that mental powers run in families. His work was followed by huge numbers of studies seeking to establish a link between IQ and genetics , none of them conclusive. Other human characteristics or behaviours studied for their possible hereditary nature include schizophrenia , alcoholism , depression , introvert and extrovert behaviour, and general activity level (including sleep disorders). Many such studies are based on long-term observation of identical (monozygotic) twins raised in different environments. In animal studies, which examine topics such as learning , sexual activity, and aggressive behaviour, selective breeding is used to produce groups of genetically similar individuals that may be compared to other, dissimilar individuals or groups. See also human nature .