born April 8, 1869, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
died Oct. 7, 1939, New Haven, Conn.
U.S. surgeon.
He taught principally at Harvard University and became known as the leading neurosurgeon of the early 20th century, developing many procedures and techniques still basic to brain surgery and greatly reducing its mortality rate. The leading expert in the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial tumours, he was also the first to ascribe to pituitary gland malfunction what is now known as Cushing syndrome . He wrote numerous scientific works, including The Life of Sir William Osler (1925, Pulitzer Prize).