Town (pop., 1995 est.: 31,000) and royal burgh, administrative centre of Dumfries and Galloway council area, southwestern Scotland.
In the historic county of Dumfriesshire, the town is situated on the left bank of the River Nith near the border with England. It is the main market centre for an intensive livestock-farming region. The poet Robert Burns lived there from 1791 to 1796 and is buried there; his house is now a museum.