n.
officially Republic of Guinea formerly French Guinea
Country, western Africa.
Area: 94,926 sq mi (245,857 sq km). Population (2002 est.): 7,775,000 (including 700,000 refugees from Liberia and Sierra Leone). Capital: Conakry . The Fulani people are in the majority, followed by the Malinke , the Susu, and many other groups. Language: French (official). Religion: Islam. Currency: Guinean franc. Facing the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Guinea has four topographical regions. Lower Guinea comprises the coast and coastal plain, which are sandy and interspersed with lagoons and mangrove swamps. To the east the Fouta Djallon highlands rise sharply from the coastal plain to elevations above 3,000 ft (900 m); western Africa's three major rivers
the Niger , Sénégal , and Gambia
originate there. Upper Guinea comprises the Niger Plains. The Forest Region, an isolated forested highland in the southeast, rises to 5,748 ft (1,752 m) at Mount Nimba, the country's highest peak. Most of the country has a humid tropical climate; more than two-fifths is covered by tropical rainforest. Export crops include rice, bananas, and coffee. Guinea is the world's second largest producer of bauxite. Its developing, mixed economy is based on agriculture, mining, and trade. Guinea is a multiparty republic with one legislative house; the head of state and government is the president, assisted by the prime minister. In successive migrations 0441; AD 900, the Susu swept down from the desert and pushed the original inhabitants, the Baga, to the Atlantic coast. Small kingdoms of the Susu rose in importance in the 13th century and later extended their rule to the coast. In the mid 15th century the Portuguese visited the coast and developed a slave trade. In the 16th century the Fulani established domination over the Fouta Djallon region; they ruled into the 19th century. In the early 19th century the French arrived and in 1849 proclaimed the coastal region a French protectorate. In 1895 French Guinea became part of the federation of French West Africa . In 1946 it was made an overseas territory of France, and in 1958 it achieved independence. Following a military coup in 1984, Guinea began implementing Westernized government systems. A new constitution was adopted in 1991, and the first multiparty elections were held in 1993. During the 1990s Guinea accommodated several hundred thousand war refugees from neighbouring Liberia and Sierra Leone. At the beginning of the 21st century, conflicts between these countries and Guinea continued to flare up over the refugee population.