Form of analysis established by 9th-century Muslim traditionalists to verify the merits of the Had 012B; th .
Of the many accounts of Muhammad 's statements and actions that constituted the 1E24; ad 012B; th, some were thought to be forgeries or of doubtful reliability. Scholars judged their merit by scrutinizing the isn 0101; d s that detailed the chain of authority through which the story had been handed down.