born , Jan. 8, 1821, Edgefield District, S.C., U.S.
died Jan. 2, 1904, Gainesville, Ga.
U.S. army officer.
He graduated from West Point but resigned from the U.S. Army when South Carolina seceded. Appointed brigadier general in the Confederate army, he fought in the battles of Bull Run , Antietam , and Fredericksburg . He was second in command to Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg , where his delay in attacking contributed to the Confederate defeat. He later directed the Confederate attack at Chickamauga . He was badly wounded in the Battle of the Wilderness but later resumed his command. He surrendered with Lee at Appomattox Court House . He later served as U.S. minister to Turkey (188081) and commissioner of Pacific railways (18981904).