orig. Yuly Osipovich Tsederbaum
born Nov. 24, 1873, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
died April 4, 1923, Berlin, Ger.
Russian revolutionary.
He first lived in Vilna, where he belonged to the Bund, a Jewish socialist group. In 1895 he and Vladimir Ilich Lenin formed the St. Petersburg Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class. After his arrest and exile to Siberia (189699), he joined Lenin in Switzerland as an editor of Iskra . From 1903 Martov supported the Menshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party and became its leader (190507). After the Russian Revolution of 1917 , he supported the Bolshevik government in the Russian Civil War but later opposed many of its dictatorial measures. He left Russia in 1920 and edited the Socialist Courier in Berlin.