(191020) Lengthy struggle that began with the overthrow of Porfirio Díaz , whose elitist and oligarchic policies had caused widespread dissatisfaction.
Francisco Madero , Pancho Villa , Pascual Orozco, and Emiliano Zapata amassed supporters, and in 1911 Madero was declared president, but his slow-paced reforms alienated both former allies and foes. He was deposed by Gen. Victoriano Huerta , whose own drunken and despotic dictatorship quickly fell to Villa, Venustiano Carranza , and Álvaro Obregón . Carranza declared himself president in 1914 over Villa's objections and, after further bloodshed, prevailed. He oversaw the writing of the liberal constitution of 1917 but did little to implement its key provisions; in 1920 he was killed while fleeing a rebellion. With the election of the reform-minded Obregón, the revolutionary period ended, though sporadic clashes continued until Lázaro Cárdenas took office in 1934.