ORMONDE, JAMES BUTLER, 12TH EARL AND 1ST DUKE OF

born Oct. 19, 1610, London, Eng.

died July 21, 1688, Kingston Lacy, Dorset

Anglo-Irish statesman.

Born into the prominent Butler family of Ireland, he succeeded to the earldom of Ormonde in 1632. In service to the English crown in Ireland from 1633, he fought against the Catholic rebellion from 1641. He concluded a peace with the Catholic confederacy in 1649, then rallied support for Charles II , but he was forced to flee when Oliver Cromwell landed at Dublin. He was Charles's adviser in exile (1650–60). After the Restoration he was appointed lord lieutenant of Ireland (1662–69, 1677–84), where he encouraged Irish commerce and industry. He was created a duke in 1682.