n.
Basque Iruña ancient Pompaelo
City (pop., 2001: 183,964), capital of Navarra , northern Spain.
According to tradition, it was founded in 75 BC by Pompey the Great as a military settlement. It was left almost derelict after Moorish and Frankish invasions in the 5th century AD. It was captured from the Moors by Charlemagne in 778 and became the capital of the kingdom of Navarra under Sancho III . In 1512 the armies of King Ferdinand of Aragon-Castile entered Pamplona, and the portion of Navarra south of the Pyrenees was incorporated into Spain. The citadel built by King Philip II of Spain in 1571 made it the most strongly fortified town of the north. In 1841 it became the capital of the new Navarra province. The chief tourist attraction is the Fiesta de San Fermín (honouring its first bishop), which is celebrated with bullfights and the running of the bulls through the city streets. The fiesta is described in Ernest Hemingway 's The Sun Also Rises .