born Aug. 20, 1860, Bar-le-Duc, France
died Oct. 15, 1934, Paris
French politician.
A lawyer, he served in the Chamber of Deputies (18871903) and the Senate (190312) and as minister of education (1893, 1895) and finance minister (1894, 1906). As prime minister and foreign minister (191213), he strengthened France's ties with Russia and Britain. As president of the Third Republic (191320), he vigorously supported national unity. As prime minister again in 192224 and 192629, he was credited with solving France's financial crisis by stabilizing the franc, enabling a period of new prosperity.