City (pop., 2002 est.: city, 5,937,300; metro. area, 11,121,300) and port, southeastern Brazil.
The site was founded by the Portuguese in the early 16th century and became important in the 18th century as an outlet for mineral exports from gold and diamond mines. Located on one of the largest harbours in the world and known for its scenic views, it was the capital of Brazil from 1822 to 1960, when the national capital was moved to Brasília . It is the country's second largest manufacturing centre after São Paulo . Major industries include metallurgy and food processing. Noted for its wide streets, public buildings, beaches (see Copacabana ), and public parks and gardens, it is a leading tourist and resort centre.