born Nov. 11, 1909, Chicago, Ill., U.S.
died July 11, 1973, New York, N.Y.
U.S. film actor.
He trained for the stage at Max Reinhardt 's workshop in Hollywood, and after World War II he became a successful character actor. Often playing tough guys and bullies, he earned acclaim for his roles in The Woman on the Beach (1947), Crossfire (1947), The Set-Up (1949), and Act of Violence (1949). His later films include Bad Day at Black Rock (1955), Men in War (1957), Odds Against Tomorrow (1959), Billy Budd (1962), and The Wild Bunch (1969).