n.
(Greek, phylai ; Roman, tribus ) In ancient Greece and Rome, any of a group of political and demographic subdivisions of the population.
In Greece the groups divided into tribes were distinct by location, dialect, and tradition, and they included the Ionian s, Dorian s, Achaean s, and Aetolians. In Attica, Cleisthenes replaced the 4 Ionian tribes with 10 new tribes, each of which was named after a local hero; these came to develop political and civic functions, including the election of magistrates. The deme s developed out of the tribal system. In Rome the tribes formed the 3 (later 4, and still later 35) original divisions of Roman citizens. These were the basis of military levies, property tax, census taking, and voting units in political assemblies.