n.
Seaport city (pop., 2001: 314,539), Bulgaria, on the Black Sea coast.
Founded as Odessus by Milesian Greeks in the 6th century BC, it later was Thracian, Macedonian, and Roman. In AD 681 it became part of the first Bulgarian empire ( 0441; 6791018) and was named Varna. It came under Ottoman domination in 1391. In 1444 it was the scene of a battle between Turkish and Hungarian armies in which W 0142; adys 0142; aw III, king of Poland and Hungary, was killed. Varna was ceded to Bulgaria by the 1878 Treaty of Berlin (see Congress of Berlin ). It is an important administrative, economic, cultural, and resort centre. Shipbuilding and manufacturing are important industries.