Study of bacteria.
Modern understanding of bacterial forms dates from Louis Pasteur , established the connection between bacteria and fermentation and disease. The modern methods of bacteriological technique began in the late 19th century with the use of stains and the development of methods of cultivating organisms on plates of nutrients. Important discoveries came when Pasteur succeeded in immunizing animals against two bacterial diseases, which led to the development of {{link=immunology">immunology . See also microbiology .