born Jan. 9, 1902, Vienna, Austria-Hungary
died Sept. 2, 1997, New York, N.Y., U.S.
Austrian-born British opera impresario.
After holding positions in German opera houses, he assumed the position of general manager at the Glyndebourne Opera in England (1935–49). In 1946 he helped found the Edinburgh Festival . From 1950 until 1972 he served as general manager of the Metropolitan Opera , where, wielding autocratic power, he raised the institution's performance standards, extended its season, encouraged innovations in design and production, ended the exclusion of black singers, and oversaw the company's move to Lincoln Center in 1966.