born Nov. 29, 1874, Avança, Port.
died Dec. 13, 1955, Lisbon
Portuguese neurologist and statesman.
He introduced cerebral angiography (1927–37). With Almeida Lima, he performed the first prefrontal lobotomy in 1936, and in 1949 he shared a Nobel Prize with Walter Rudolf Hess for the development of the lobotomy. Because of its serious side effects, he advised using lobotomy only when all other treatments failed. He also served in the Portuguese legislature and as a minister and led the Portuguese delegation at the Paris Peace Conference.