I
City (pop., 2000: 120,568), northeastern New Jersey, U.S. Located on Newark Bay adjacent to Newark , it is connected by bridge to Staten Island .
Settlement began in 1664 with the purchase of land from the Delaware Indians. The first colonial assembly met there (1668–82). It was the scene of four military engagements during the American Revolution . It grew throughout the 19th century and is now highly industrialized, with important shipping operations. It was the original seat of Princeton University (1746) and home to Aaron Burr .
II
born Dec. 24, 1837, Munich, Bavaria
died Sept. 10, 1898, Geneva, Switz.
Empress consort of Austria (1854–98) and queen of Hungary (1867–98).
Regarded as the most beautiful princess in Europe, she married her cousin, Emperor Francis Joseph , in 1854. She was popular with her subjects but offended Viennese high society with her impatience with rigid court etiquette. The Hungarians admired her, especially for her efforts in bringing about the Compromise of 1867 . During a visit to Switzerland she was assassinated by an Italian anarchist.
III
Russian Yelizaveta Petrovna
born Dec. 18, 1709, Kolomenskoye, near Moscow, Russia
died Dec. 25, 1761, St. Petersburg
Empress of Russia (1741–61).
Daughter of Peter I and Catherine I , she was proclaimed empress after staging a coup d'état and arresting Ivan VI , his mother, and their chief advisers. She encouraged the development of education and art and left control of most state affairs to her advisers and favorites. Her reign was characterized by court intrigues, a deteriorating financial situation, and the gentry's acquisition of privileges at the expense of the peasantry. However, Russia's prestige as a major European power grew. Russia adhered to a pro-Austrian, anti-Prussian foreign policy, annexed a portion of southern Finland after fighting a war with Sweden, improved its relations with Britain, and fought Prussia in the Seven Years' War . Elizabeth was succeeded by her nephew Peter III .
IV
or Elizabeth Stuart
born Aug. 19, 1596, Falkland Palace, Fifeshire, Scot.
died Feb. 13, 1662, Westminster, London, Eng.
Titular queen of Bohemia from 1619.
Daughter of the Scottish king James VI (later James I of England), she came to English royal court in 1606. Noted for her beauty and charm, she became a favorite subject of the poets. In 1613 she was married to Frederick V, the elector palatine, who became king of Bohemia (as Frederick I) in 1619. After his defeat by the Catholic League in 1620, the couple went into exile, where Elizabeth spent the next 40 years. In 1661 her nephew Charles II grudgingly allowed her to return to England. Her most famous son was Prince Rupert .
V
[c mediumvioletred] (as used in expressions)
Elizabeth Stuart
Agassiz Elizabeth Cabot
Elizabeth Cabot Cary
Anderson Elizabeth Garrett
Julia Elizabeth Wells
Arden Elizabeth
Bishop Elizabeth
Blackwell Elizabeth
Elizabeth Cochrane
Bowen Elizabeth Dorothea Cole
Brooks Gwendolyn Elizabeth
Browning Elizabeth Barrett
Elizabeth Barrett
Catlett Elizabeth
Elizabeth Cohen
Ruth Elizabeth Davis
Dickinson Emily Elizabeth
Mary Elizabeth Mapes
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth Alexandra Mary
Elizabeth Islands
Elizabeth of Hungary Saint
Ruth Elizabeth Grable
Hopkins Pauline Elizabeth
Aimee Elizabeth Kennedy
Peabody Elizabeth Palmer
Elizabeth Lucas
Queen Elizabeth Islands
Queen Elizabeth National Park
{{link=Elizabeth Griscom">Elizabeth Griscom
Seton Saint Elizabeth Ann
Elizabeth Ann Bayley
Elizabeth Smith
Kathryn Elizabeth Smith
Stanton Elizabeth Cady
Elizabeth Cady
Harriet Elizabeth Beecher
Taylor Dame Elizabeth Rosemond
Gaskell Elizabeth Cleghorn
Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson