Archaelogical site, northwestern Iran.
Excavations have revealed the area's prehistory, especially the late 2nd and early 1st millennia BC. It was inhabited from с 2100 to с 825 BC, but the richest period, often called Mannaean, dates to the 10th–9th centuries BC. It was crowned by a high citadel surrounded by a fortification wall. The outer town, which was unfortified, consisted primarily of ordinary dwellings and a cemetery. Many metal artifacts have been found, including a solid gold bowl and two bronze vessels in the shape of horse heads.