City (pop., 1996: metro. area, 1,480,530), northeastern South Africa.
One of the country's largest cities, it lies on the southern slopes of the highland region called the Witwatersrand. It was founded in 1886 after the discovery of gold nearby and was occupied by the British during the South African War in 1900. It was a legally segregated city until 1991; nonwhites were restricted to living in outlying areas called townships, including Soweto . Greater Johannesburg extends over more than 200 sq mi (500 sq km) and includes more than 500 suburbs and townships. It is a leading industrial and financial centre. Its cultural and educational institutions include the Johannesburg Art Gallery, the Civic Theatre, the University of Witwatersrand, and Rand Afrikaans University.