born Feb. 15, 1856, Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg-Strelitz
died Oct. 7, 1926, Munich, Ger.
German psychiatrist.
He taught at the Universities of Heidelberg and Munich, where he developed an influential classification system for mental illness, the Psychiatric Compendium (nine eds., 1883–1926). He was the first to distinguish (in 1899) between manic-depressive psychosis ( bipolar disorder ) and dementia praecox ( schizophrenia ), and the first to distinguish three clinical varieties of the latter: catatonia, hebephrenia, and paranoia.