I
City (pop., 1995 est.: 42,000), central Scotland.
Located on the River Edinburgh , Perth was a Roman settlement; it became a royal burgh in 1210. It was the capital of Scotland until 1437, when King James I of Scotland was murdered there. At the Church of St. John the Baptist in 1559, John Knox denounced idolatry; the result was the plunder of Perth's monasteries and altars. It was a {{link=Jacobite">Jacobite city during the Scottish uprisings of 1715 and 1745. The economy is based on whisky blending and distilling and on manufacturing. It is also an agricultural market centre.
II
City (pop., 1996 est.: 1,097,000), capital of Western Australia state, Australia.
Located on the Swan River 10 mi (16 km) from its mouth, Perth was settled in 1829. It developed rapidly after the discovery of goldfields at Coolgardie in 1890 and the opening of Fremantle Harbor in 1897. It is now a major industrial centre with a rapidly expanding economy. The site of the 1987 America's Cup , it is the seat of the University of Western Australia and Murdoch University.