Ancient territory, southwestern France.
Located between the Rhône rivers and the Pyrenees and Cévennes mountains, Septimania was settled during the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus by veterans of the Seventh Legion (Septimani). It was the last Gallic holding of the Visigoths of Spain. The region was occupied by the Franks (732–768), was then part of the kingdom of Aquitaine under the Carolingian s, and became a separate duchy in 817. Later in the 9th century it was subsumed under the counts of {{link=Toulouse">Toulouse .