or Shen-yang formerly Mukden
City (pop., 1999 est.: 3,876,289), capital of Liaoning province, northeastern China.
An ancient city, it was the capital of the Manchu empire (1625–44). After 1895 it was fought over by Russia and Japan in the struggle for Manchuria . It was occupied by the Japanese (1931–45). Taken by the communist forces in 1948, it was a base for their conquest of the Chinese mainland. It is one of China's leading industrial cities; its manufactures include machinery, wires and cables, textiles, and chemicals. It is also a cultural and educational centre.