known as Tooey Spaatz
born June 28, 1891, Boyertown, Pa., U.S.
died July 14, 1974, Washington, D.C.
U.S. air-force officer.
He flew as a combat pilot during World War I. During World War II he commanded the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe (1944), directing the strategic bombing of Germany. In 1945, though personally opposed to using atomic bombs against cities, he directed the atomic bombing of Japan under orders of Pres. Harry Truman . In 1947 he became the first chief of staff of the independent Air Force.