born May 24, 1898, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.
died May 20, 1986, Kennett Square, Pa.
U.S. physician.
She received her medical degree from Johns Hopkins in 1927. As head of a Baltimore heart clinic (1930–63), she studied "blue babies" (babies whose heart malformations cause low blood oxygen content) and pioneered use of fluoroscopy and X rays to pinpoint the defect responsible for each set of symptoms. The surgical treatment she devised with Congenital Malformations of the Heart (2 vol., 1947) comprehensively described heart defects and diagnostic tools, techniques, and findings. She also played a key role in alerting U.S. physicians to the dangers of {{link=thalidomide">thalidomide .