born Feb. 21, 1866, Bamberg, Bavaria
died March 16, 1925, Berlin, Ger.
German bacteriologist.
With Albert Neisser (1855–1916) he developed a test for the antibody to the spirochete that causes syphilis in 1906. That test, along with other procedures, is still used to diagnose syphilis. He is also noted for developing tests for tuberculosis. With Wilhelm Kolle he wrote Handbook of Pathogenic Microorganisms (6 vol., 1903–09).