'ABD AL-GHANI

born March 19, 1641, Damascus died March 5, 1731 in full 'Abd al-Ghani ibn Isma'il an-Nabulusi Syrian mystic prose and verse writer on the cultural and religious thought of his time. Orphaned at an early age, 'Abd al-Ghani, joined the Islamic mystical orders of the Qadiriyah and the Naqshbandiyah. He then spent seven years in isolation in his house, studying the mystics on their expression of divine experiences. 'Abd al-Ghani traveled extensively throughout the Islamic world, visiting Istanbul in 1664, Lebanon in 1688, Jerusalem and Palestine in 1689, Egypt and Arabia in 1693, and Tripoli in 1700. His more than 200 written works can be divided into three categories: Sufism (mysticism, largely within the main body of Islam, the Sunnis); travel accounts; and miscellaneous subjects, including poetry, eulogies, correspondence, prophecy, the interpretation of dreams, and the question of the lawfulness of the use of tobacco. The main component in his original Sufi writing, as distinguished from his commentaries on the works of others, is the concept of wahdat al-wujud ("divine existential unity" of God and the universe and, hence, of man). His travel accounts are considered by many scholars to be the most important of his writings; the descriptions of his journeys provide vital information on the customs, beliefs, and practices of the peoples and places he visited.