ABINGDON

town, seat (1778) of Washington county, southwestern Virginia, U.S. It lies in the Blue Ridge highlands of the Appalachian Mountains, near the border with Tennessee, 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Bristol. Originally called "Wolf Hills" by frontiersman Daniel Boone as he passed through the area in 1760, it was the site of Black's Fort (1774), a settlers' haven from attacks by the Cherokee. It was incorporated as Abingdon in 1778; the name has been variously attributed to Lord Abingdon, Daniel Boone's home in Pennsylvania, and Martha Washington's hometown. During the American Civil War it suffered severely at the hands of Union troops under General George Stoneman. A resort town, Abingdon is also the state's largest burley tobacco market, and it holds livestock auctions. It is well known for its handicrafts and chinaware. The town is home to Barter Theatre (established 1933), the oldest and longest-running repertory theatre in the country. Virginia Highlands Community College was founded there in 1967. Nearby is Mount Rogers National Recreation Area. Pop. (1990) 7,003; (1998 est.) 7,684. town ("parish"), Vale of White Horse district, administrative county of Oxfordshire, historic county of Berkshire, England. It lies south of Oxford at the confluence of the Rivers Thames and Ock. The town was founded by the Saxons and grew up around a Benedictine abbey established in 676. In 1556, after the abbey had been dissolved, Abingdon was granted its first royal charter. The abbey remains include a Perpendicular gateway and the restored Checker Hall, now used as an Elizabethan-style theatre. The arched bridge over the Thames (1416; widened 1929) provides a view of the Early English tower and Perpendicular spire of St. Helen's Church. The county hall (1677-80) houses a museum collection. St. Nicholas' Church, the west front of which was built in 1180, stands nearby. Schools in the town include Abingdon (Roysse's) School-one of the oldest public (independent) schools in England-and Radley College (1847). The town also has a number of light industries and is a popular Thames-side resort. Pop. (1991) 35,234.