ACHINESE

also spelled Atjehnese, one of the main ethnic groups on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. They were estimated to number roughly 2,100,000 in the late 20th century. They speak a language of the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family. The Achinese were ruled by Indian princes prior to AD 500, and in the 13th century they became the first people in the archipelago to adopt Islam. After expelling the Portuguese in the 17th century, the sultanate of Acheh (now Aceh) was dominant in northern Sumatra until 1904, when the sultanate was conquered by the Dutch. The Achinese, however, were never fully subdued. Although they are now part of the Indonesian republic, they remain restive and are administered within a special district. Western influence is evident in the Achinese's public buildings and in the homes of the well-to-do. Otherwise the native type of dwelling prevails, consisting of a three-room structure of wood raised high above the ground on pilings. Descent is traced through both the maternal and paternal lines. A married couple goes to live with the bride's family. The position of women is high, and they do not wear veils. Their dress consists of a skirt over trousers, a jacket and scarf, and many ornaments. The man wears a jacket or shoulder cloth and trousers of great width.