ADLER, SARA

born 1858, Odessa, Russia died April 28, 1953, New York, N.Y., U.S. ne Sara Levitzky Russian-born American actress, one of the most celebrated figures in the American Yiddish theatre. Sara Levitzky was born of a well-to-do Jewish family. She studied singing at the Odessa Conservatory for a time and then joined a Yiddish theatre troupe managed by Maurice Heine, whom she shortly thereafter married. The repressions that followed the assassination of Alexander II in 1881 bore heavily on the Jews of Russia, and in September 1883 Yiddish plays were expressly forbidden. Early the next year the Heine troupe immigrated to the United States, where Sara soon gained a following in the Yiddish theatre in New York City. In 1890 she divorced Heine and married Jacob Adler, the leading tragic actor on the American Yiddish stage. Jacob Adler, together with playwright Jacob Gordin, was undertaking to revitalize the Yiddish theatre, then overburdened by outmoded stock material, with modern drama reflecting the urban milieu of Jews in the United States. Sara and Jacob Adler's productions over the next several decades, mainly at their own theatre on the Bowery, were the rebirth of serious Yiddish theatre. Sara played some 300 leading roles, including many from the popular theatrical repertoire of the day. Her greatest role, and the one that established her preeminence on the Yiddish stage, was that of Katusha Maslova in Gordin's dramatization of Leo Tolstoy's Resurrection. A close second was her starkly realistic portrayal of the abandoned and unbalanced wife in Gordin's Homeless. She performed infrequently after Jacob Adler's death in 1926. In 1939 she re-created her role in Resurrection at a tribute to her at the New Yorker Theatre. Not the least of her contributions to the theatre were her children Stella Adler and Luther Adler.