ALEXANDER, FRANCESCA

born Feb. 27, 1837, Boston, Mass., U.S. died Jan. 21, 1917, Florence, Italy in full Esther Frances Alexander, byname Fanny American expatriate illustrator and author, remembered for her collections of Tuscan folk songs, tales, and lore. When she was 16, Alexander and her prosperous family moved to Europe and settled at length in Florence. She was educated at home, and her extremely protective mother closely guided her studies and activities throughout her life. Young Fanny, as she was known in childhood, gained a reputation as a philanthropist among the people of Tuscany, from whom she in turn collected folk songs, tales, and customs. In 1882 she met John Ruskin, who was deeply impressed by her compilation of Tuscan songs. Ruskin purchased the manuscript that she had entitled Roadside Songs of Tuscany and had illustrated with drawings done in a fine and highly personal style. He also bought a second manuscript and published it in 1883 as The Story of Ida, attributing it to Francesca. The volume enjoyed several British and American editions. Ruskin edited and published Alexander's Roadside Songs in 188485 and a third collection of hers, Christ's Folk in the Apennines, in 188789. An intimate correspondence between Ruskin, Alexander, and her mother continued for some years. After Ruskin's death Alexander herself published Tuscan Songs (1897) and The Hidden Servants and Other Very Old Stories Told Over (1900). Blindness and ill health plagued her last years.