AMMONS, GENE

born April 14, 1925, Chicago, Ill., U.S. died Aug. 6, 1974, Chicago Gene Ammons, c. 1940s byname Jug, original name Eugene Ammons African-American jazz tenor saxophonist, noted for his big sound and blues-inflected, soulful improvising. The son of outstanding boogie-woogie pianist Albert Ammons, Gene Ammons grew up in Chicago and first became nationally known as a member of Billy Eckstine's innovative bebop big band during 194447; he also played in Woody Herman's big band (1949). He and versatile saxophonist Sonny Stitt then formed a touring band (195052) that featured their improvised battles; Ammons spent the rest of his career leading his own groups. At the height of his popularity, Ammons served a prison sentence (196269) for a narcotics violation. Ammons' 1950 recording My Foolish Heart was a rhythm-and-blues hit. For most of his career he played straightforward, lyrical jazz, at first in a style strongly influenced by Lester Young. As he developed a rich tone, he used rests and dynamic contrasts to create vivid phrasing in blues (Blue Hymn) and standard songs (Exactly Like You, Angel Eyes). He was among the first jazz saxophonists to work regularly in the popular tenor saxophone and organ soul idiom; his melodic variations and dramatic instincts lent character and musical integrity to otherwise sentimental material. He recorded a series of all-star albums with the likes of trumpeter Art Farmer and saxophonist John Coltrane in the 1950s, and later he performed frequently with fellow bebop saxophonists who included Stitt, James Moody, and Dexter Gordon.