ANGOULME, LOUIS-ANTOINE DE BOURBON, DUC (DUKE) D'

born Aug. 6, 1775, Versailles, France died June 3, 1844, Gorizia, Venetia, Austrian Empire [now in Italy] last dauphin of France and a prominent figure in the restoration of the Bourbon line after the defeat of Napoleon in 1814. Angoulme was the elder son of the comte d'Artois (afterward Charles X of France) and Marie Thrse of Savoy. When the revolution broke out in 1789, he left France with his father. In 1799 he married his cousin Marie Thrse Charlotte, the daughter of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette. After living in Poland and England, Angoulme returned to France in 1814 and with British help raised the royal standard again at Bordeaux. As chief of the royalist army in the southern Rhne River valley, he was unable to prevent Napoleon's return to Paris. After Waterloo and the second restoration of Louis XVIII, Angoulme served Louis loyally. During the reign of his father, Charles X, he worked to rid the army of former imperial officers and commanded the French expedition that helped quell an anti-Bourbon revolt in Spain (1823). In 1830, when Charles was compelled to abdicate, Angoulme renounced his claim to the throne and went into exile.