BATHOS

(from Greek bathys, "deep"), unsuccessful, and therefore ludicrous, attempt to portray pathos in art, i.e., to evoke pity, sympathy, or sorrow. The term was first used in this sense by Alexander Pope in his treatise Peri Bathous; or, The Art of Sinking in Poetry (1728). Bathos may result from an inappropriately dignified treatment of the commonplace, the use of elevated language and imagery to describe trivial subject matter, or from such an exaggeration of pathos (emotion provoked by genuine suffering) as to become overly sentimental or ridiculous. Even great poets occasionally lapse into bathos. William Wordsworth's attempt to arouse pity for the old huntsman in "Simon Lee" is defeated by the following lines: Few months of life has he in store As he to you will tell, For still, the more he works, the more Do his weak ankles swell.