BELLFLOWER

any of about 300 annual, perennial, and biennial herbs that compose the genus Campanula (family Campanulaceae). Bellflowers bear bell-shaped, usually blue flowers. They are native mainly to northern temperate regions, Mediterranean areas, and tropical mountains. Many are cultivated as garden ornamentals. Tall bellflower (Campanula americana), native to moist woodlands of North America, has flowering spikes that may reach 2 m (6 feet) high and has saucer-shaped flowers with long, curved styles. Tussock bellflower, or Carpathian harebell (C. carpatica), with lavender to white, bowl-shaped, long-stalked flowers, several to the stem, has many forms. The plants, 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) tall, form clumps in eastern European meadows and woodlands. Fairy thimbles (C. cochleariifolia), named for its deep, nodding, blue to white bells, forms loosely open mats on alpine screes. Bethlehem stars (C. isophylla), a trailing Italian species often grown as a pot plant, bears sprays of star-shaped violet, blue, or white flowers. Canterbury bell (C. medium), a southern European biennial, has large pink, blue, or white spikes of cup-shaped flowers. Peach-leaved bellflower (C. persicifolia), found in Eurasian woodlands and meadows, produces slender-stemmed spikes, 30 to 90 cm tall, of long-stalked, outward-facing bells. Rampion (C. rapunculus), a Eurasian and North African biennial grown for its turniplike roots and leaves, which are eaten in salads for their biting flavour, produces ascending clusters of long-stalked lilac bells. It has narrow stem leaves and untoothed, broadly oval basal leaves that form a rosette around the stalk. Rover, or creeping, bellflower (C. rapunculoides), a European plant named for its spreading rhizomes, has become naturalized in North America. Throatwort, or bats-in-the- belfry (C. trachelium), a coarse, erect, hairy Eurasian plant naturalized in North America, bears clusters of lilac-coloured, funnel-shaped flowers. Other common European plants of the genus Campanula that often are cultivated in gardens are Adria bellflower (C. garganica, sometimes classified as a variety of C. elatines); clustered bellflower (C. glomerata); milky bellflower (C. lactiflora); great bellflower (C. latifolia); and C. zoysii. See also harebell.