BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO

island group in the Bismarck Sea, southwestern Pacific, that lies northeast of the island of New Guinea and is part of Papua New Guinea. The largest components of the archipelago, which has a total land area of about 18,600 square miles (48,200 square km), are New Britain, New Ireland, the Admiralty Islands, Lavongai (New Hanover), and the smaller Duke of York Group, St. Matthias Group, and the Witu (Vitu) Islands. The islands are generally volcanic or formed of raised coral limestone and are heavily forested. Annexed by Germany in 1884, the archipelago was named after the German statesman Otto von Bismarck. It was occupied by Australia in 1914 and made a mandated territory of Australia in 1920. Seized by Japan during World War II and retaken by the Allies in 1944, the group was made part of the UN Trust Territory of New Guinea, administered by Australia. When Papua New Guinea attained independence in 1975, the group became part of that country. The economic mainstay of the islands is copra, with some lumbering and, more recently, cocoa and oil palm. Yams, taro, bananas, and fish are the basic foods of the archipelago. Rabaul, on New Britain, is the chief town. See also Admiralty Islands; Duke of York Islands; New Britain; New Ireland; Witu Islands. Pop. (1989 est.) 371,400.