BLOOMSBURY

residential and academic area in the borough of Camden, London. Bloomsbury is the site of the main administrative buildings of the University of London (notably the imposing Senate House), as well as the British Museum and the British Medical Association. Also located there are the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, various language and cultural institutions, and two schools of the University of LondonUniversity College London (founded 1826) and Birkbeck College (founded in 1823 as the London Mechanics' Institution). Bloomsbury Square was originally laid out in the 17th century as Southampton Square by Thomas Wriothesley, 4th earl of Southampton. The dukes of Bedford were responsible for the creation of Bedford Square, which was completed in the 1770s, and Russell Square (1800). For a century Montagu House held the main collections of the British Museum, but the house was demolished and replaced by the current, expansive neoclassical structure in the mid-19th century. A familiar area landmark, the BT Tower (1964; formerly the Post Office Tower), rises to the west of the district. The Bloomsbury group, a circle of artists, writers, and thinkers, gathered in the area in the early 20th century. The name of the district can be traced to the 13th-century Blemondesberi (Blemundsbury), the manor of the Blemund (de Blemunt) family.