BONTECOU, LEE

born Jan. 15, 1931, Providence, R.I., U.S. American artist whose work ranged from dark, dramatic abstract constructions to softer, transparent natural forms, evoking a correspondingly broad range of response. Bontecou studied in New York City at the Art Students League from 1952 to 1955 with the sculptor William Zorach. In 1959 she had her first solo exhibition, and the next year she first exhibited at the Leo Castelli Gallery in New York City, where she became one of the first female artists he represented. In that show Bontecou presented her first assemblages of canvas stretched and tied over a structure of welded steel rods. Initially, her constructions took on the organic forms of fantastical birds and animals before developing a more abstracted, machinelike aesthetic. The fabrics she used in her work came from old conveyor belts, laundry bags, and knapsacks, reinforcing the combination of biomorphic and man-made construction. Soon after, Bontecou added a dark opening to the centre of her relief constructions that became the focus of speculative interpretation by critics. Loosely associated with the second generation of Abstract Expressionists, Bontecou intentionally created works that functioned as both painting and sculpture. In 1964 Bontecou received an important commission to create a large wall relief for the New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, entitled 1964. She created an armature that formed two winglike structures spanning 20 feet (6 metres), made from a Plexiglas turret of a World War II bomber and other molded and abstracted shapes. Bontecou continued working in this genre until the birth of her daughter, an event that dramatically transformed the style and intensity of her work toward a gentler aesthetic. She moved from primitive and mysterious canvas-covered constructions to much softer, more fluid creations of natural forms, such as fish and giant flowers, often using plastic that reflects rather than absorbs light. These works frequently contained cautionary political overtones. At the height of her critical attention in 1966, Bontecou won the first prize from the National Institute of Arts and Letters. Her greater level of personal expressiveness continued through the 1970s; in the '80s her output declined.