BORGIA, SAINT FRANCIS

born Oct. 28, 1510, Ganda, Spain died Sept. 30/Oct. 1, 1572, Rome; canonized 1671; feast day October 10 Spanish San Francisco de Borjia, original name Francisco de Borja y Aragon, 4e duque (4th duke) de Gandia Spanish nobleman who, as the third general of the Society of Jesus, was instrumental in spreading the Jesuits' influence throughout Europe. Educated at Saragossa, Spain, he married Eleanor de Castro, a Portuguese noblewoman, in 1529. After holding various appointments in the court of King Charles I of Spain, he was made viceroy of the Spanish region of Catalonia (1539), where he tried to carry out badly needed social and economic reforms. He resigned in 1543 when he succeeded to his father's dukedom. After Eleanor's death in 1546, Borgia entered the Society of Jesus. He founded the Jesuit College in Ganda, which was made a university by papal bull in 1547. In 1550 he went to Rome, where he was received by St. Ignatius Loyola, and his entry into the society was made public. He returned to Spain (1551), where he was ordained a priest. Ignatius named him commissary general of the Spanish provinces in 1554, and he was chosen general of the society in 1565. Under his leadership new provinces and colleges were established in Europe. Although his mission to Spanish Florida proved unsuccessful, the provinces of Peru and New Spain were established. He urged Pope St. Pius V to adopt two important policies for foreign missions: first, to centralize their government through a Roman congregation (similar to the later Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith); second, to insist that the civil rulers treat the native peoples humanely in order to win them to the faith. In 1571 Pius sent Borgia to Spain, Portugal, and France to strengthen the league against the Turks. He fell ill on the return journey and died shortly after reaching Rome. A selection of Borgia's letters was edited in Monumenta Historica Societatis Jesu, S. Franciscus Borgia, 5 vol. (18941911). Additional reading Margaret Yeo, The Greatest of the Borgias (1936, reissued 1952).