BORNHOLM

Danish island and amtskommune (county commune), in the Baltic Sea, 105 miles (169 km) southeast of Copenhagen and 22 miles (35 km) southeast of Sweden. Once a Viking stronghold, independent until the 10th century, it was controlled by Sweden and then, in the 16th century, by Lbeck (a German city of the Hanseatic League). Awarded to Sweden by the Treaty of Roskilde (1658), Bornholm was returned to Denmark in 1660. It was occupied by the Germans during World War II and was the only part of Denmark to be bombed (by the Russians in 1945 to hasten the German surrender). The island has an area of 227 square miles (588 square km). Its northern two-thirds is composed of granite with a rocky cliff coast and a hilly wooded interior. The more populous southern part forms an undulating surface of sandstone, limestone, and shale, with a dune coast. The moderately fertile soil supports grains, dairy farming, and pig raising. Principal exports are fish (herring, salmon, and cod), granite, porcelain, and pottery. Tourism is also an important economic factor. Medieval remains include four of Denmark's six 12th-century round churches (fortress-churches) and the ruins of the imposing 13th-century castle of Hammershus (former stronghold of the bishops of Lund, Swed.), now a historical monument. There are also Viking relics. The island is centred on Rnne (its seat, dating from the 12th century) and Neks. Pop. (1993 est.) 45,224.