BROOKLINE

town (township), an exclave of Norfolk county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies between Suffolk and Middlesex counties and is almost surrounded by Boston. Settled in 1638 as part of Boston, it was called Muddy River until incorporated as a town of Suffolk county in 1705. Named for a small brook that formed the line of Judge Samuel Sewall's tract, it was an early market-gardening area and administratively became part of Norfolk county in 1793. It includes Brookline Village, Cottage Farms, Longwood, Beaconsfield, and part of Chestnut Hill (which is shared with Newton). The town has long been a suburban residential area, and its economy is based on services and trade. Brookline was the birthplace of President John F. Kennedy; the house in which he was born was designated a national historic site in 1969. The Frederick Law Olmsted House also was made a national historic site (1979). The town is the site of Pine Manor College (1911; in southern Chestnut Hill), Newbury College (1962), which mainly offers two-year degrees, Hebrew College (1921), and Hellenic College (1937), a Greek Orthodox institution. Area 7 square miles (18 square km). Pop. (1990) 54,718; (1996 est.) 54,137.