BUCHANAN

also called Grand Bassa, town, Atlantic seaport, central Liberia, West Africa. In 1835 Grand Bassa was founded at the mouth of the St. John River (2 miles north-northwest) by black Quakers of the Young Men's Colonization Society of Pennsylvania. Subsequent communities on these sites were called Lower Buchanan and Upper Buchanan for Thomas Buchanan (a relative of James Buchanan, who later became the 15th president of the United States), who was the first U.S. governor of Liberia before its independence was proclaimed. The port (1963) exports iron ore, rubber, and palm oil and kernels. The Liberian American-Swedish Minerals Company (Lamco) built a railroad from its mine in the Nimba Range, 165 mi inland, to the port, where in 1968 it opened Africa's first iron-ore washing and pelletizing plant. Pop. (1974) 23,999.