CAPPADOCIA

ancient district in east-central Anatolia in the rugged plateau north of the Taurus Mountains, important as a Roman ally, client, and, later, province. The earliest records of Cappadocia date from the 6th century BC, when its feudal nobility was dominated by a Persian satrapy and Zoroastrian temple cults were widespread. The area retained its Persian character until the time of the Roman occupation. Alexander the Great bypassed Cappadocia but sent troops under his general Perdiccas (322 BC). Cappadocia fell into the dynastic orbit of the Seleucids until the Roman victory at Magnesia (190 BC). Afterward, it maintained a faithful allegiance to Rome despite the Pontic and Armenian attacks of the 1st century BC. Retained as a client state by Rome until annexed by Tiberius in AD 17, Cappadocia, with command over strategic passes in the Taurus, remained a bulwark of the Byzantine Empire until the 11th century.