CARNUNTUM

the most important ancient Roman legionary camp of the upper Danube frontier, situated at Petronell, 20 miles east of Vienna. It was the emperor Tiberius' base in his attacks on the Marcomanni (AD 6), after which a fort for one legion was erected, although it was replaced about AD 73 by a stone camp. In AD 106 it became the capital of the province of Upper Pannonia. Here the emperor Marcus Aurelius wrote the second book of his Meditations during his campaign against the Marcomanni (171173). The Conference of the Emperor was held here in 307. After its destruction by barbarians in the Marcomannic Wars, the camp was rebuilt in 375 but was finally destroyed by fire about 400.