CAVELL, EDITH (LOUISA)

born Dec. 4, 1865, Swardeston, Norfolk, Eng. died Oct. 12, 1915, Brussels, Belg. English nurse who became a popular heroine of World War I and was executed for assisting Allied soldiers to escape from German-occupied Belgium. Cavell entered the nursing profession in 1895 and in 1907 was appointed the first matron of the Berkendael Institute, Brussels, where she greatly improved the standard of nursing. After the German occupation of Belgium, she became involved in an underground group formed to help British, French, and Belgian soldiers reach The Netherlands, a neutral country. The soldiers were sheltered at the Berkendael Institute, which had become a Red Cross hospital, and were provided with money and guides by Philippe Baucq, a Belgian. About 200 men had been aided when, in August 1915, Cavell and several others were arrested. The group was brought before a court-martial on Oct. 7, 1915. On October 9, Cavell, after making a full confession, was sentenced to death. Three days later she and Baucq were shot, despite the efforts of the U.S. and Spanish ministers to secure a reprieve. Though legally justified, her execution on a charge that did not include espionage was considered outrageous and was widely publicized by the Allies.