CH'ONGJIN

city, northeastern North Korea. The city is situated along Kyongsong Bay, facing the Sea of Japan. Before it became an open port in 1908, Ch'ongjin was a small fishing village. During the later stages of the Japanese occupation (1910-45), it developed rapidly as a base for the Japanese invasion of China. It was the terminus of the North Manchurian rail line and the sea lines connected with Japan. Iron manufacturing and oil and fat industries were established. After Korean independence in 1945, Ch'ongjin was joined with Puryong county, an area of metallurgical works, and Nanam city (southwest), making it one of the biggest industrial cities of North Korea. The large combination of metal industries in Ch'ongjin is based on the manufacture of iron and steel and ferroalloys. Shipbuilding and the manufacture of machinery, chemicals, textiles, and gum are also carried on in the city. Pop. (1987 est.) 520,000.