CHUBU

chiho (region), central Honshu, Japan, embracing the ken (prefectures) of Niigata, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Yamanashi, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka, and Aichi. Its name is derived from its location in the central part (chubu) of Japan. Chubu region occupies 25,783 square miles (66,777 square km) between Kanto region (east) and Kinki region (west). Although there is no core to unite the Chubu region into a single functional unit, it constitutes a coherent geomorphological whole. Its major configuration is formed by the overlapping of the Northeast, Southwest, and Shichito-Mariana mountain arcs. The mountains, lowlands, and volcanic zones intersect the general trend of Honshu almost at right angles. Structural examples are the trend of the Akaishi, Kiso, and Hida (Japanese Alps) ranges; the lowland of the Fossa Magna rift; and the Fuji Volcanic Zone. Honshu attains its greatest width of 174 miles (280 km) in the Fossa Magna and its greatest height of 12,388 feet (3,776 m) in Mount Fuji. Chubu region may be divided into three distinct subregions. The Hokuriku area along the Sea of Japan includes Niigata, Toyama, Ishikawa, and Fukui prefectures. It is generally referred to as Ura Nihon ("Reverse Japan") because of the gloom and snow of its winter weather. Industrial developments include aluminum smelting and fertilizer production. Tosan-consisting of the inland prefectures of Yamanashi, Nagano, and Gifu-was the sericultural (silkworm-raising) centre of Japan before World War II. In addition to rice, fruit and mulberry trees are grown; the major manufactures are precision instruments. The area's high mountains and deep gorges are a source of hydroelectric power and an attraction to tourists. Tokai, or Omote Nihon ("Obverse Japan"), is composed of Shizuoka and Aichi prefectures. The climate contrasts with that of Hokuriku, being characterized by windy, bright winters. Since the early 20th century the area has experienced rapid industrial and urban growth under the influence of Osaka, supported by the establishment of a modernized transportation system. Its phenomenal growth is typified by that of Nagoya, the capital of Aichi prefecture and one of Japan's leading industrial centres. Pop. (1990) 21,020,552.